01

　　01

　　電纜橋架結(jié)構(gòu)類型選擇

　　Selection of cable tray structure types

　　在工程設(shè)計(jì)文件中通常籠統(tǒng)地將電纜橋架稱呼為“橋架”，并未指出具體的結(jié)構(gòu)特征，不同類型、不同制作材料的電纜橋架相差較大，且結(jié)構(gòu)類型的混亂會帶來工作現(xiàn)場散熱、機(jī)械防護(hù)方面的問題。

　　In engineering design documents, cable trays are generally referred to as "trays" without specifying their specific structural characteristics. The prices of cable trays of different types and materials vary greatly, and the confusion of structural types can lead to problems in heat dissipation and mechanical protection at the work site.

　　02

　　02

　　電纜橋架材質(zhì)選擇

　　Material selection for cable tray

　　電纜橋架的材質(zhì)是電纜橋架工程設(shè)計(jì)常見的另外一個(gè)問題。按照材料劃分，電纜橋架主要有鋼制、玻璃鋼和鋁合金幾種。

　　The material of cable tray is another common issue in cable tray engineering design. According to material classification, cable trays are mainly made of steel, fiberglass, and aluminum alloy.

　　03

　　03

　　電纜橋架表面防腐層類別選擇

　　Category selection of anti-corrosion coating on cable tray surface

　　工程設(shè)計(jì)中常見的第三個(gè)問題是電纜橋架型號沒有標(biāo)注防腐層的類別，也沒有統(tǒng)一的文字說明。此問題在現(xiàn)實(shí)中有教訓(xùn)，如我國承擔(dān)總承包的印尼某工程，鋼制電纜橋架的表面防腐處理沒有進(jìn)行鹽霧試驗(yàn)，完工不久橋架就銹蝕得相當(dāng)嚴(yán)重，不得不更換。電纜橋架的表面防腐層類別主要有熱浸鋅、鍍鋅鎳、冷鍍鋅、粉末靜電噴涂等方式。

　　The third common problem in engineering design is that the cable tray model does not indicate the category of anti-corrosion coating, nor does it have a unified textual explanation. There are lessons to be learned from this issue in reality. For example, in a project undertaken by China as the general contractor in Indonesia, the surface anti-corrosion treatment of the steel cable tray was not subjected to salt spray testing. Shortly after completion, the tray corroded severely and had to be replaced. The surface anti-corrosion coating of cable trays mainly includes hot-dip galvanizing, galvanized nickel, cold galvanizing, powder electrostatic spraying, and other methods.

　　04

　　04

　　電纜橋架防火等級選擇

　　Selection of fire protection level for cable tray

　　電纜橋架在有防火要求的區(qū)段內(nèi)，可在電纜梯架、托盤內(nèi)添加具有耐火或難燃性能的板、網(wǎng)等材料構(gòu)成封閉或半封閉式結(jié)構(gòu)，并采取在橋架及其支吊架表面涂刷防火涂層等措施，其整體耐火性能應(yīng)滿足有關(guān)規(guī)范或標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的要求。在工程防火要求較高的場所，不宜采用鋁合金電纜橋架。

　　In sections with fire protection requirements, cable trays can be constructed with enclosed or semi enclosed structures by adding fire-resistant or flame-retardant materials such as plates and nets to cable ladders and trays. Measures such as applying fire-resistant coatings to the surfaces of cable trays and their supports and hangers should be taken, and their overall fire resistance performance should meet the requirements of relevant national regulations or standards. Aluminum alloy cable trays should not be used in places with high fire prevention requirements.

　　05

　　05

　　電纜橋架填充率的選擇

　　Selection of cable tray filling rate

　　電纜梯架、托盤寬度和高度的選擇應(yīng)符合填充率的要求，電纜的梯架和托盤內(nèi)的填充率在一般情況下，電力電纜可取40%～50%，控制電纜可取50%～70%，且宜預(yù)留10%～25%工程發(fā)展余量。

　　The selection of cable ladder and tray width and height should meet the requirements of filling rate. In general, the filling rate inside the cable ladder and tray can be 40% to 50% for power cables and 50% to 70% for control cables, with a 10% to 25% engineering development margin reserved.

　　06

　　06

　　電纜橋架載荷等級的選擇

　　Selection of Load Levels for Cable Trays

　　在選擇電纜橋架的荷載等級時(shí)，電纜橋架的工作均布荷載不應(yīng)大于所選電纜橋架荷載等級的額定均布荷載，如果電纜橋架的支吊架的實(shí)際跨距不等于2m時(shí)，則工作均布荷載應(yīng)滿足要求。各種組件及支吊架在滿足相應(yīng)荷載的條件下，其規(guī)格尺寸應(yīng)與托盤、梯架的直線段、彎通系列相匹配。

　　When selecting the load level of the cable tray, the working uniform load of the cable tray should not exceed the rated uniform load of the selected cable tray load level. If the actual span of the support and hanger of the cable tray is not equal to 2m, the working uniform load should meet the requirements. The specifications and dimensions of various components and supports and hangers should match the straight sections and bending series of pallets and ladders under the corresponding load conditions.

　　07

　　07

　　電纜橋架的規(guī)格尺寸選擇

　　Selection of specifications and dimensions for cable trays

　　工程實(shí)際中，在電纜橋架的規(guī)格尺寸選擇方面的問題是要么偏大，要么偏緊張。

　　In practical engineering, the problem with selecting the specifications and dimensions of cable trays is either too large or too tight.

　　08

　　08

　　根據(jù)電纜彎曲半徑選擇電纜橋架

　　Select cable tray based on cable bending radius

　　在選擇電纜橋架的彎通或引上、引下裝置時(shí)，不應(yīng)小于電纜橋架內(nèi)電纜小允許彎曲半徑。

　　When selecting the bending or leading devices for cable trays, they should not be less than the minimum allowable bending radius of the cables inside the cable tray.

　　09

　　09

　　材料統(tǒng)計(jì)方面的問題

　　Issues related to material statistics

　　設(shè)計(jì)圖紙?jiān)诓牧辖y(tǒng)計(jì)方面存在的主要問題：

　　The main issues with material statistics in design drawings are:

　　1）漏項(xiàng)。

　　1) Missing item.

　　2）錯(cuò)項(xiàng)。

　　2) Wrong item.

　　3）統(tǒng)計(jì)量偏差大，通常是數(shù)量偏少。

　　3) The statistical deviation is large, usually due to a small quantity.

　　10

　　ten

　　電纜橋架的選型設(shè)計(jì)

　　Selection and design of cable tray

　　1、確定環(huán)境條件環(huán)境條件一般有三種：腐蝕環(huán)境、正常環(huán)境、特殊環(huán)境。

　　1. There are generally three types of environmental conditions for determining environmental conditions: corrosive environment, normal environment, and special environment.

　　2、根據(jù)多數(shù)電纜走向，在室內(nèi)可沿著、柱、梁、樓板走，在室外盡可能沿工藝管道走。

　　2. According to the majority of cable routes, indoor cables can be routed along columns, beams, and floors, while outdoor cables should be routed along process pipelines as much as possible.

　　3、計(jì)算荷重計(jì)算在電纜橋架走向斷面上的單位長度電纜的重量q及總荷載G

　　3. Calculate the weight q and total load G of a unit length cable on the cross-section of the cable tray for load calculation

　　G總=n1q1+n2q2……nnqn 式中：q1·q2·q3……qn為每根電纜單位重量(kg/m)

　　G total=n1q1+n2q2... nnqn, where q1 · q2 · q3... qn is the unit weight of each cable (kg/m)

　　n1·n2·n3……nn為相同電纜根數(shù)

　　N1 · n2 · n3... nn is the same number of cables

　　G總<G允（電纜僑架的允許荷載參照荷載曲線圖表）

　　G total<G allowance (the allowable load of cable trays refers to the load curve chart)

　　4、選擇橋架根據(jù)電纜荷載及橋架安裝處的環(huán)境，以橋架的載荷曲線為依據(jù)，來確定橋架的類型和規(guī)格及立柱的間距、托臂的長度、橋架的層次，立柱的長度等。

　　4. The selection of cable trays is based on the cable load and the environment where the tray is installed, using the load curve of the tray as the basis to determine the type and specifications of the tray, as well as the spacing between columns, the length of the support arm, the level of the tray, and the length of the columns.

　　5、根據(jù)電纜走向及安裝的環(huán)境確定橋架的固定方式；懸掛式、直立式，(這兩種形式均可采用單側(cè)固定或雙側(cè)固定)、壁側(cè)式等。

　　5. Determine the fixing method of the cable tray based on the cable routing and installation environment; Hanging type, upright type (both of which can be fixed on one side or both sides), wall side type, etc.

　　6、各種電纜在電纜橋架上的層次安排與層間距離。

　　6. The hierarchical arrangement and interlayer distance of various cables on cable trays.

　　電纜橋架層次的排列是：弱電控制電纜在上層，接著一般控制電纜、低壓動力電纜、高壓動力電纜依次在下排列。

　　The arrangement of cable trays is as follows: weak current control cables are arranged on the top layer, followed by general control cables, low-voltage power cables, and high-voltage power cables arranged in sequence below.

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